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About Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Last Updated March 28, 2024
What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever?
| Cause | Ebolavirus |
|---|---|
| Route of infection | When the body fluids (blood, secretions, vomit / excretion) of a patient with symptoms are touched without sufficient protection, the virus enters through wounds and mucous membranes and is transmitted. It is also transmitted from wild animals in endemic areas. In general, it is not transmitted from asymptomatic patients and there is no airborne infection. |
| Area of occurrence | Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Uganda, Sudan, Gabon, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of the Congo |
| Symptoms | After an incubation period of 2 to 21 days (usually 7 to 10 days), symptoms such as sudden fever, headache, malaise, muscle pain, and sore throat appear. |
Prevention | Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments. It provides symptomatic treatment according to the patient's symptoms. |
- Since March 2014, large-scale outbreaks have occurred in Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Mali, and Nigeria in western Africa.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
| Cause | MERS coronavirus (first confirmed in 2012) |
|---|---|
| Route of infection | It is still unclear exactly how humans become infected. Dromedary camels are said to be a type of animal that is transmitted to the MERS virus, but on the other hand, many patients have no history of contact with animals. Infections have also been reported between close contacts, such as between families, between patients at medical institutions where infection control is inadequate, and between patients and healthcare professionals. |
| Area of occurrence | United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan |
| Symptoms | After an incubation period of about 2 to 14 days, most patients develop pneumonia due to fever and severe respiratory symptoms. Some patients may be mildly ill or their findings may be atypical. |
Prevention | Currently, there are no vaccines or specific treatments. It provides symptomatic treatment according to the patient's symptoms. |
To the citizens
If it is unavoidable to travel to the affected area, check the status of local epidemics in the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's Quarantine Station FORTH "Countries and Regions" (external site) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' "Overseas Safety Information" (external site), and consider whether or not to travel, and take basic hygiene measures (hand washing, avoid contact with patients and animals, etc.).
If you experience symptoms after traveling to the affected area or contacting an infected person, please do not consult a medical institution directly and contact Health Promotion Section Health and Welfare Center, Health and Welfare Division, in each district.
※In case of emergency other than weekday business hours, please contact the Yokohama City Public Health Center Infectious Disease Food Poisoning Emergency Call Dial. Please refrain from contacting us if there is no urgency for emergency use during night holidays.
To Medical Institutions
If you have any suspicions that meet the notification criteria, please contact the following Phone number immediately.
■Notification criteria
・Ebola hemorrhagic fever (outside site)
・Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (outside site)
■Phone number (weekdays from 8:30 to 17:15) Health and Welfare Center Health and Welfare Division Health Promotion Section
(In case of emergency outside of the above hours) Yokohama City Public Health Center Infectious Disease Food Poisoning Emergency Call Dial
■Notification to medical institutions
- "Response assuming domestic outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)" (PDF: 429KB)September 25, 2015
- About correspondence at the time of outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Japan (PDF: 657KB) (PDF: 657KB)(June 12, 2015)
- About outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea (Notification) (PDF: 688KB) (PDF: 688KB)(June 5, 2015)
- Response to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Korea (Notification) (PDF: 637KB) (PDF: 637KB)(June 3, 2015)
Related Sites
Ebola hemorrhagic fever
- About Ebola hemorrhagic fever (outside site)(Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)
- Ebola virus disease (Ebola virus disease) (outside site)(FORTH, Quarantine Station, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)
- What is Ebola hemorrhagic fever (outside site)(National Institute of Infectious Diseases)
- Ebola virus disease (outside site)（WHO）
- Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) (outside site)（CDC）
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
- About Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (outside site)(Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) (external site)(FORTH, Quarantine Station, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare)
- MERS (outside site)(National Institute of Infectious Diseases)
- Occurrence of infectious diseases caused by MERS coronavirus (outside site)(Ministry of Foreign Affairs Overseas Safety Website)
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Inquiries to this page
Health and Safety Division, Medical Care Bureau Health and Safety Department
Telephone: 045-671-2463
Telephone: 045-671-2463
Fax: 045-664-7296
Email address: ir-kenkoanzen@city.yokohama.jp
Page ID: 592-378-795
