First Aid Q & A

Citizen rescuers perform primary lifesaving treatment in one way without being aware of the difference between children and adults. However, healthcare professionals classify children before puberty (including about junior high school students as a guide) as adults. In addition, children are divided into baby/infant under one year old and children over one year old.

The ideal primary life-saving treatment method for each age or cause is slightly different, but it is difficult for citizens to remember and use each content properly, and it is not always easy to identify the age and cause immediately on site It is not easy. Depending on the age and cause, the implementation of primary lifesaving measures will be hindered. There is a disadvantage to adapting the primary life-saving treatment of adults to children as it is, but it was determined that eliminating the difference between adults and children would outweigh the merits of the widespread use of primary life-saving treatment. However, for occupations (nursery teachers, kindergartens / school teachers) and parents who have many opportunities to interact with small children, it is desirable to acquire primary life-saving measures optimized for children.

Reaction in cardiopulmonary resuscitation is considered to be a reaction if a purposeful gesture is found, such as opening an eye or moving the body, against stimulation such as hitting the shoulder or calling out loud.

By making a 119 call, you can receive advice (oral guidance) from the dispatcher over the phone. In addition, in order for paramedics to arrive as soon as possible, call 119 will be given priority over the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

It is very important to quickly and reliably determine cardiac arrest and minimize the time it takes to initiate chest compressions. The reasons why it was not necessary to secure the airway are as follows.

• Eliminate the time required to secure the airway
• Ensure that rescuers who cannot secure the airway do not give up cardiopulmonary resuscitation at this stage.
• There is no need to secure the airway to judge breathing during death.
• It is rare for patients with cardiac arrest to return to normal breathing only by securing the airway.

However, as a common procedure not only for cardiac arrest victims but also for those who have no response such as stroke, medical professionals confirm breathing with priority given to securing the airway first.

The series of actions, "see, listen, and feel," which had been done to check cardiac arrest, is an observation method to avoid missing slight breathing. In order not to overlook dead-war breathing, which is important in determining cardiac arrest, it was better to look at the chest and abdomen as a whole, and to observe one's face a little further away than to observe with a narrow field of view, with one's face close to the victim's mouth.

In the past, if it was judged that cardiac arrest, artificial respiration was first performed, but artificial respiration is relatively difficult to acquire and maintain procedures. This is to hesitant to start cardiopulmonary resuscitation because he is not confident to perform artificial respiration well, and to avoid delaying the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation or not starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

In the past, the depth of chest compressions was at least 5 cm or more, but the deeper it may be considered better, so the appropriate range has been shown.

In the past, the tempo of chest compressions was described as more than 100 times a minute, but chest compressions at a speed of more than 120 times a minute have reduced compressions or insufficient compressions. Because compressions cannot be performed with appropriate strength, it has been changed to a form that shows an appropriate tempo.

Chest compression on cardiac arrest victims is not uncommon for ribs to fractures, but serious internal organs damage is small. These complications are considered unavoidable, as there is no possibility of lifesaving without cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

It is hard to keep chest compressions strong, fast, and constant. Fatigue causes insufficient pressure and insufficient release (return of chest) of compression. Some people will not be able to continue chest compressions in 5 to 6 minutes. When citizens perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation only with chest compressions, chest compressions begin to become shallow one minute after the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, even if they are not aware of fatigue.

If there is only one rescuer, if you know that the AED is nearby, go to get the AED yourself, even if you leave the victim once. . If you don't know where the AED is, don't spend time searching for the AED.

If there is only one rescuer and there is no support, going to get AED will delay the start of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. As soon as you confirm that the victim has no response, call 119 immediately and if you know that the AED is nearby, go to get the AED yourself. If you do not know the location of the AED, or if it is far away, continue cardiopulmonary resuscitation and wait for the rescue squad to arrive.

CPR is possible with your clothes on, but you must remove the victim's chest when attaching an AED pad. Even in front of the public, it is unavoidable to save lives, but care should be taken as little as possible to keep the public.

Depending on the model, some AEDs have pediatric pads or have pediatric modes. Children's pads and pediatric modes can provide children with appropriate defibrillation energy levels (about one-third to one-fourth of adults) due to the electrical resistance of the cable of the electrode pad or the function incorporated into the AED body.

Previously, children's pads and pediatric modes were used up to 8 years old. However, if children's pads were installed in elementary school, they could be used in elementary school studenｔ over the age of eight who should use adult pads. To avoid this situation, all elementary school students have to use adult pads.

If there is a pediatric pad or pediatric mode, do not use it for adults. This is because using pediatric pads for adults can result in insufficient energy and lower the success rate of defibrillation.

If you are a preschooler, you may use an adult pad to give an electric shock if you do not have a pediatric pad or pediatric mode. However, be careful not to touch the pads when attaching the adult pad to the child.

The placement of the pediatric pad may be on the front and back of the chest, or may be the same as adults. Either way, apply the pad so that the pads do not touch each other.

The AED is also shown to baby/infant, so you can use it. Use pediatric pads and pediatric modes, and if not, use adult pads.

When making an electric shock, make sure that the people around you, including yourself, are not touching the victim. There is no risk of electric shock during an electric shock if you do not touch the victim. Keep away enough that the person pushing the shock button can confirm safety and does not accidentally touch the victim.

The voltage used for an electric shock is about 1,200 to 2,000 volts, the current is about 30 to 50 amps, and the time electricity flows is about 1 / 1000 to 1 / 100th.

AED voice messages vary depending on the manufacturer and the age of manufacture, so actual use may not be the same as at the time of training. However, the procedure is still performed according to the AED voice message.